汉江流域有毒鱼类区系分布特征

作者	单位
王俊	西安理工大学, 西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室, 陕西西安 710048
孙智薇	西安理工大学, 西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室, 陕西西安 710048
白舒丹	咸阳师范学院生命科学系, 陕西咸阳 712000
王文博	咸阳师范学院生命科学系, 陕西咸阳 712000
令建康	青海师范大学地理科学学院, 青海西宁 810008
唐文家*	青海省环境监测中心, 青海西宁 810000

通讯作者:唐文家* 青海省环境监测中心, 青海西宁 810000

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中文摘要:

准确辨识有毒鱼类区系分布是研究有毒鱼类生态适应情况的前提。基于野外调查数据和历史资料,对汉江有毒鱼类的区系组成、毒性类型、食性和空间分布进行了分析。结果表明,汉江流域分布有58种有毒鱼类,占鱼类总物种数的46.77%。58种有毒鱼类隶属于6目10科33属,以鲤形目、鲇形目和鲈形目为主。汉江流域有毒鱼类毒性类型包括胆毒(31种)、刺毒(23种)、血清毒(2种)、卵毒(1种)和肝脏毒(1种);食性主要以肉食性和无脊椎动物食性为主,分别占有毒鱼类总物种数的37.93%和29.31%。在空间分布上,上游河段有毒鱼类物种数显著多于中下游河段。其中,大鳞黑线(Atrilinea macrolepis)、齐口裂腹鱼(Schizothorax prenanti)、司氏(Liobagrus styani),以及拟鲿属的乌苏里拟鲿(Pseudobagrus ussuriensis)、细体拟鲿(Pseudobagrus pratti)、盎堂拟鲿(Pseudobagrus ondon)、凹尾拟鲿(Pseudobagrusemarginatus)等7种有毒鱼类仅分布于汉江上游河段,圆口铜鱼(Coreius guichenoti)和白缘(Liobagrus marginatus)2种有毒鱼类仅分布在中游河段,长江鲟(Acipenser dabryanus)仅分布在下游及河口江段。Jaccard相似性指数分析结果表明,各江段有毒鱼类的物种组成相似性较高。ANOSIM (Analysis of Similarities)检验分析结果显示,Global R=0.99(P<0.01),表明各江段有毒鱼类的毒性类型存在显著的空间差异。研究结果可为淡水有毒鱼类资源保护与利用及有毒动物生态适应演化研究提供基础数据。

英文摘要:

Accurate identification of ichthyotoxic fish zonal distribution is a prerequisite for studying the ecological adaptation of ichthyotoxic fish. This study analysed the composition of the ichthyotoxic fish fauna, toxicity types, food habits and spatial distribution of ichthyotoxic fish in the Hanjiang River Basin by combining historical information and field survey data. The results showed that 58 ichthyotoxic fish species from 33 genera,10 families and 6 orders were found in the river basin,which accounted for 46. 77% of the total species of fishes, with Cypriniformes, Siluriformes and Perciformes as the main orders. There were 5 ichthyotoxic fish toxicity types in the Hanjiang River Basin,including gall-bladder poisonous fishes (31 species),acanthotoxic fishes (23 species), ichthyohemotoxic fishes (2 species), ichthyootoxic fishes (1 species) and ichthyohepatoxic fishes (1 species). In addition,the trophic guilds were mainly concentrated on carnivorous and invertebrate feeding guild,accounting for 37. 93% and 29. 31% of the poisonous fish species,respectively. In spatial distribution level,the number of poisonous fish species in the upper reaches was significantly higher than that in the middle and lower reaches. Seven species of ichthyotoxic fishes, including Atrilinea macrolepis,Schizothorax prenanti,Liobagrus styani,Pseudobagrus ussuriensis,Pseudobagrus pratti,Pseudobagrus ondon and Pseudobagrus emarginatus,were distributed only in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River Basin. Coreius guichenoti and Liobagrus marginatus were found only in the middle segment. Acipenser dabryanus was distributed only in the lower and estuaries reaches of the Hanjiang River Basin. The Jaccard's similarity index analysis showed that the distribution of ichthyotoxic fish fauna was very similar. And the ANOSIM (Analysis of Similarities) test showed that Global R=0. 99 (P<0. 01),indicating that there were significant spatial differences in the toxicity types of ichthyotoxic fish in each river section. This result could provide significant reference meanings for the exploitation and utilization of freshwater ichthyotoxic fishes and the study on ecological adaptation evolution of poisonous animals.

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