Abstract: Atmospheric deposition samples were collected from different functional areas of a typical metal smelting city in Hunan Province from January to March in 2021.The contents of 17 heavy metals were measured.Compared with the background values of Hunan Province,15 heavy metals,such as Ag,Fe,Cd,Ti,Sb,Tl,Pb,As,Zn,Cu,Mo,Ni,Cr,Ba,Mn exceed the standards.Geo-accumulation index,potential ecological hazard index and health risk assessment for the heavy metal pollution in atmospheric deposition were carried out.The results showed that Ag,Cd,Fe,Sb,Ti and Tl were seriously polluted,while Pb,As,Zn,Cu and Mo were moderately polluted,which might be influenced by the smelting activities.The comprehensive ecological hazard index of industrial area was extremely strong ecological hazard,which was much higher than the industrial-residential area,industrial-agricultural area,residential area and transportation area.The health risk assessment results showed that As and Pb in atmospheric deposition posed non-carcinogenic risk,and As,Cd and Ni had carcinogenic risk.Among the three exposure pathways,oral ingestion was the main exposure pathway.Compared with teenagers and children,the risk of heavy metals in atmospheric dust was higher for adults,and females were more sensitive than males.