Abstract: A rapid method for the determination of phosphorus in biomass fuel is established by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence.The tablet pressure conditions,matrix effect and the selection of interference elements are compared and analyzed,the test conditions of energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence method are defined.Through the comparative test of spiked recovery test,standard sample and ICP-OES Method,the test results show that the Linear Coefficient of the standard working curve is 0.998 3,the detection limit is 0.4 mg/kg,and the average recovery is 98.1%,the Relative Standard Deviation of the measured value is 1.36%-4.92%.The phosphorus content of the standard sample is within the uncertainty of the standard value,there is no significant difference in the accuracy and precision of the ICP-OES method,and it can be applied to the determination of phosphorus in biomass environmental monitoring.