Abstract: To gain an in-depth understanding of the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of acid rain and atmospheric pollution in Shanxi Province from 2014 to 2023,this study analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of precipitation pH and its influencing factors using statistical methods and GIS spatial interpolation,based on data from 13 acid rain monitoring stations and atmospheric pollutant (SO₂,NO₂) concentration measurements.The results indicated that from 2014 to 2023,the annual average precipitation pH in Shanxi Province exhibited an overall upward trend (increasing from 5.94 to 6.57),with the acid rain frequency decreased from 31.4% (2014) to 4.5% (2023).The conductivity (K value) demonstrated a trend of initial increase followed by decline,with 2016 as the turning point.These changes were strongly correlated with SO₂ concentrations (r=-0.87 for pH and r=0.88 for K).Spatially,precipitation acidity displayed distinct regional characteristics,generally showing higher values in the north and south ends and lower values in the central region,as well as higher values in the east and lower values in the west.The non-acid rain areas expanded progressively from the west to the east regions following the advancement of pollution control.Notably,the significant reduction in SO₂ emissions was identified as a key driver for the improvement in acid rain conditions in Shanxi Province in recent years,whereas NO₂ concentrations remained at relatively high levels.Backward trajectory simulations revealed that local emission sources and pollutants transported from southeast (western Shandong and northern Henan) exerted a greater influence on precipitation acidity in Taiyuan City compared to long-range transport from the northwest.