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    2010—2022年乌溪江流域人类活动净氮输入变化及其与水质的关系分析

    Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Net Anthropogenic Nitrogen Inputs and Its Relationship with Water Quality in the Wuxi River Basin from 2010 to 2022

      摘要
    • 摘要: 乌溪江流域是衢州乃至钱塘江流域下游重要的生产生活用水来源,分析此流域人类活动净氮输入的变化趋势具有重要意义。基于人类活动净氮输入(NANI)模型,计算了乌溪江流域2010—2022年的NANI值,分析了NANI时空特征、组分变化原因及水质变化状况。结果表明:乌溪江流域NANI在时间分布上呈现逐渐降低趋势,由2010年的峰值5 758.71 kg/(km2·a)降低到2022年的4 169.68 kg/(km2·a),降低最明显的年份出现在2013—2016年,降低了36%。空间分布呈现由西北向东南方向递减,由上游向下游递增的趋势。NANI各组分的大气氮沉降是该流域的主要氮输入部分,约占NANI的56%~67%,其次是作物固氮量、人类食物和动物饲料氮输入、肥料氮输入,分别约占NANI的17%~24%、4%~20%、5%~6%,可以看出该地区的NANI值较小,人类活动导致的氮输入较少。乌溪江流域的NANI与乌溪江氨氮含量有着显著相关性(P<0.05,表现为显著相关)。NANI的降低对流域水质提升有明显效果。乌溪江流域年际水质以Ⅰ类水为标准,NANI的上限阈值为4 567 kg/(km2·a)。乌溪江流域的治理措施(如控制畜牧业的发展,减少肥料施用量,一级水源保护区采用生态移民等方式降低人口数量)使该区域的NANI下降了19%,对全国范围内类似的饮用水源保护区有一定示范意义。

       

      Abstract: The Wuxi River Basin is a vital source of industrial and domestic water for Quzhou and the lower reaches of the Qiantang River Basin.Analyzing the changing trend of net anthropogenic nitrogen inputs (NANI) in this basin is of great significance.Based on the NANI model,the NANI of the Wuxi River Basin from 2010 to 2022 was calculated,and the spatiotemporal characteristics of NANI,causes of component changes,and water quality variations were analyzed in this study.The results showed that the NANI in the Wuxi River Basin exhibited a gradually decreasing trend over time,from a peak of 5758.71 kg/(km2·a) in 2010 to 4169.68 kg/(km2·a) in 2022,with the largest drop (36%) occurring between 2013 and 2016.Spatially,NANI decreased from northwest to southeast and increased from upstream to downstream.Regarding the proportion of NANI components,atmospheric nitrogen deposition was the main nitrogen input in this basin,accounting for approximately 56%-67% of the total,followed by crop nitrogen fixation,nitrogen input from human food and animal feed,and fertilizer nitrogen input,accounting for about 17%-24%,4%-20%,and 5%-6% of NANI,respectively.It can be seen that the NANI value in this region is relatively low,indicating nitrogen input caused by human activities is relatively low.There was a significant correlation between NANI and the ammonia nitrogen content in the Wuxi River Basin (P<0.05),indicating that the reduction in NANI has a clear effect on improving water quality.Based on Class I water quality as the standard,the upper threshold of NANI in the Wuxi River Basin was determined to be 4567 kg/(km2·a).Past management measures in the Wuxi River Basin have reduced NANI by 19%,such as controlling the development of animal husbandry,reducing fertilizer application,subdividing water source protection areas,and adopting ecological migration in primary water source protection areas to reduce population density.These efforts have certain demonstration significance for managing drinking water source zones across China and hold considerable practical value for environmental governance.

       

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