| 典型北方山地河流不同形态氮磷降解系数的测算 |
| Degradation Coefficients of Different Forms of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Typical Northern Mountain Rivers in China |
| 投稿时间：2023-12-25 修订日期：2024-11-30 |
| DOI：10.19316/j.issn.1002-6002.2025.02.05 |
| 中文关键词: 中国北方 山地河流 氮磷 形态 降解系数 丹河 |
| 英文关键词:northern China mountain rivers N and P morphology degradation coefficient Danhe River |
| 基金项目:山西省水利科学技术研究与推广项目(2023ZF20);湖北省自然科学基金资助项目(2024AFD371) |
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| 通讯作者:刘娜* 山西省水文水资源勘测总站, 山西 太原 030000 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 选择丹河为中国北方典型山地河流,通过室内实验、低流速条件野外监测和放水条件下的水团追踪法,解析河流中氮磷的形态组成及其降解系数。结果表明:丹河典型河段中,枯水期氮主要以硝氮为主(占比为78%),丰水期以氨氮为主(占比为57%);正磷酸盐在枯水期和丰水期都是磷的主要形态。静态实验中总氮的降解系数为0.012~0.033 d-1,氨氮为0.169~0.221 d-1,硝氮和亚硝氮降解系数为负,说明氮的降解主要以氨氮为主;总磷的降解系数为0.164~0.311 d-1,不到正磷酸盐降解系数的一半,说明总磷主要以正磷酸盐降解为主。野外极低流速下,受河水表面复氧作用的影响,顺直宽阔河道相比于弯曲窄深河道更有利于氮磷的降解;而在闸坝放水条件下,随着流速的增加,氮磷降解系数将迅速增加。流速(v)与氮磷的降解系数(k)呈正相关,相关方程为k(TN)=22.52v-14.541和k(TP)=12.37v-6.5917。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The Danhe River was selected as a typical northern mountain river,and the morphological composition and degradation coefficient of nitrogen and phosphorus in the river were analyzed by laboratory experiment,field detection at low flow rate and water mass tracking method under discharge conditions.The results showed that in the typical reach of Dan River,nitrogen was mainly nitrate nitrogen (78%) in dry season and ammonia nitrogen (57%) in wet season.Orthophosphate was the main form of phosphorus in both dry and wet periods.In the static test,the degradation coefficient of total nitrogen was 0.012-0.033d-1,ammonia nitrogen was 0.169-0.221 d-1,and the degradation coefficients of nitrate and nitrite nitrogen were negative,indicating that ammonia nitrogen was the main degradation factor of nitrogen.The degradation coefficient of total phosphorus was 0.164-0.311d-1,which was less than half of that of orthophosphate,indicating that the degradation of total phosphorus was mainly based on orthophosphate.At very low flow rate in the field,due to the effect of reoxygenation on the river surface,the straight and wide channel was more conducive to N and P degradation than the narrow and deep curved channel.Under the condition of dam discharge,the degradation coefficient of nitrogen and phosphorus increased rapidly with the increase of flow velocity.The flow rate (v) showed a positive correlation with the degradation coefficient k of nitrogen and phosphorus,and the correlation equation was k(TN) = 22.52v-14.541,k(TP) = 12.37v-6.5917. |
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