| 国家治理视域下生态环境监测网络建设:国际比较与中国实践 |
| Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Networks Under National Governance:International Comparisons and China's Practice |
| 投稿时间：2026-01-10 修订日期：2026-01-26 |
| DOI：10.19316/j.issn.1002-6002.2026.01.01 |
| 中文关键词: 国家治理体系 生态环境监测网络 "四维属性" 天空地海一体化 中国方案 |
| 英文关键词:national governance system ecological and environmental monitoring network "four-dimensional attributes" space-air-ground-sea integration Chinese Solution |
| 基金项目:京津冀环境综合治理国家科技重大专项(2024ZD1200100,2025ZD1207600) |
| 作者 | 单位 | | 陈传忠 | 中国环境监测总站, 国家环境保护环境监测质量控制重点实验室, 北京 100012 | | 解鑫 | 中国环境监测总站, 国家环境保护环境监测质量控制重点实验室, 北京 100012 | | 朱擎 | 中国环境监测总站, 国家环境保护环境监测质量控制重点实验室, 北京 100012 | | 藏楠 | 中国环境监测总站, 国家环境保护环境监测质量控制重点实验室, 北京 100012 | | 方赈民 | 中国环境监测总站, 国家环境保护环境监测质量控制重点实验室, 北京 100012 | | 贾世琪 | 中国环境监测总站, 国家环境保护环境监测质量控制重点实验室, 北京 100012 | | 刘岩 | 中国环境监测总站, 国家环境保护环境监测质量控制重点实验室, 北京 100012 | | 陈冒银 | 中国环境监测总站, 国家环境保护环境监测质量控制重点实验室, 北京 100012 | | 李铭煊 | 中国环境监测总站, 国家环境保护环境监测质量控制重点实验室, 北京 100012 | | 丰玉 | 中国环境监测总站, 国家环境保护环境监测质量控制重点实验室, 北京 100012 | | 胡冠九 | 江苏省环境监测中心, 江苏 南京 210019 | | 谢剑锋 | 河北省生态环境监测中心, 河北 石家庄 050037 | | 胡天洋 | 中国环境监测总站, 国家环境保护环境监测质量控制重点实验室, 北京 100012 | | 金小伟 | 中国环境监测总站, 国家环境保护环境监测质量控制重点实验室, 北京 100012 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 生态环境监测是生态文明建设的基石,正经历从传统技术工具向国家治理基础设施的深刻战略转型。本研究基于国家治理体系现代化视角,创新性构建了涵盖管理、技术、社会与文化的生态环境监测"四维属性"分析框架,并系统梳理了欧盟、美国等发达国家和地区的监测网络建设经验,揭示了其"科学监测与法治管理协同、央地分权与区域联防互动"的内在规律。在此基础上,深入剖析了中国生态环境监测网络的演进历程与实践成效。本研究认为,中国通过实行省以下垂直管理改革、构建跨部门协同机制以及推动天空地海一体化技术创新,已建成全球规模最大、要素最全的监测网络。这一实践形成了制度优势与技术驱动并重的环境监测体系,为全球环境治理提供了中国方案。为应对新污染物监测能力不足和法治体系待完善等挑战,未来中国应进一步强化监测专门立法,深化数智化技术应用,优化多元共治机制,推动监测网络向精准化、智能化迈进,为"双碳"目标的实现和美丽中国建设提供坚实科学支撑。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Ecological and environmental monitoring is the cornerstone of ecological civilization construction and is currently undergoing a profound transformation from a traditional technical tool into a critical infrastructure for national governance.From the perspective of the modernization of the national governance system,this paper develops a "four-dimensional analytical framework" for ecological and environmental monitoring,covering management,technology,society,and culture.By systematically reviewing the experiences of developed countries and regions such as the European Union and the United States in constructing monitoring networks,this study reveals underlying mechanisms that drive synergy between scientific monitoring and rule-of-law management,as well as the interactions between central-local decentralization and regional joint prevention.Furthermore,the paper provides an in-depth analysis of the evolutionary process and practical achievements of China's ecological and environmental monitoring network.The study suggests that through the implementation of vertical management reform below the provincial level,the establishment of cross-departmental coordination mechanisms,and the innovation of "space-air-ground-sea" integrated technologies,China has established the world's largest and most comprehensive monitoring network,forming a "Chinese Solution" that emphasizes both institutional advantages and technological drivers.To address challenges such as insufficient monitoring capabilities for emerging pollutants and the need for improving the legal system,future efforts should focus on strengthening specialized legislation for monitoring,deepening the application of digital and intelligent technologies,and optimizing multi-party collaborative governance mechanisms.These measures aim to promote the development of the ecological and environmental monitoring network towards greater precision,comprehensiveness,and intelligence,thereby providing strong scientific support for achieving the "dual carbon" goals and building a Beautiful China. |
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