| 地下水采样中过滤缺失对金属组分测定误差的影响及机理分析 |
| Impact of Improper Acid Addition Without Filtration on Metal Component Analysis in Groundwater Samples |
| 投稿时间：2024-12-03 修订日期：2025-05-27 |
| DOI：10.19316/j.issn.1002-6002.2026.01.11 |
| 中文关键词: 地下水 样品采集 金属/类金属 |
| 英文关键词:ground water sample collection metals and metalloids |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目(42077179);国家自然科学基金重点项目(42430718);中国地质科学院基本科研业务费青年英才项目(YK202303);厦门市自然科学基金项目(3502Z20227309) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 根据《地下水采样技术规程》(DZ/T 0420—2022)及相关文献,地下水样品测试Fe、Mn及其他金属组分时,需先用0.45 μm滤膜过滤,加酸后再送实验室测试。然而在实际采样过程中,不过滤直接将水样加入预装酸溶液的样品瓶中的做法时有发生,使得测试结果中的Fe、Mn、Al等金属元素浓度异常,导致对地下水污染程度的高估,进而造成不必要的修复成本或误导环境政策的制定。为验证地下水样品采集时缺少过滤操作环节而引起的误差问题,笔者设计了一系列对比实验,并按照《地下水质量标准》(GB/T 14848—2017)对结果进行评价。结果表明,在只过滤未加酸的地下水样品中,只有As、Fe、Mn三种金属组分有检出,且检测结果均低于Ⅲ类水质标准限值,而其他金属组分均未检出。在先过滤再加酸的地下水样品中,除Cd和Cu未检出外,其他金属组分均有不同程度的检出,且各组分浓度相对于只过滤未加酸样品均有所升高;Pb、Mn和Al含量超过Ⅲ类水质标准限值,其中Pb超标0.3倍,Mn超标8.8倍,Al超标0.5倍。在未过滤只加酸的地下水样品中,除部分样品中的Cd未检出外,其余组分均有检出,且检测结果显著高于先过滤再加酸的地下水样品;Pb、As、Fe、Mn和Al均超出Ⅲ类水质标准限值,其中Pb超标0.2~0.5倍,As超标0.1倍,Fe超标2.5~23.6倍,Mn超标0.6~2.2倍,Al超标8.3~18.4倍。对于未过滤只加酸的地下水样品,随着加酸后振荡时长的延长,样品中一些金属组分的浓度检测结果持续上升。综上,进行地下水样品采集时,加酸前必须严格使用0.45 μm滤膜过滤,才能保证检测结果的准确性。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| According to the Code of Practice for Groundwater Sampling (DZ/T 0420-2022) and related literature,when testing groundwater samples for Fe,Mn,and other metallic components,the samples must first be filtered through a 0.45 μm membrane,acidified,and then sent to the laboratory for analysis.However,the method of directly adding unfiltered water samples to sample bottles pre-filled with acid solution occasionally occurs in actual sampling process.It might results in abnormally high concentrations of metallic elements such as Fe,Mn,and Al in the test results,resulting in an overestimation of groundwater pollution levels.Consequently,this can cause unnecessary remediation costs or misguide environmental policy formulation.To verify the errors arising from the lack of a filtration step during groundwater sample collection,this study disigned a series of comparative laboratory tests and evaluated the results according to Standard for Groundwater Quality (GB/T 14848-2017).The results show that in the groundwater samples with only filtration but not acidified,only three metallic components-As,Fe,and Mn-were detected,and their concentrations were all below the Class Ⅲ water quality standard limits,while other metallic components were not detected.While in the groundwater samples which were filtered and then acidified,all metallic components were detected to varying degrees except for Cd and Cu,and their concentrations increased compared to the samples that were only filtered but not acidified.The contents of Pb,Mn,and Al exceeded the Class Ⅲ water quality standard limits,with Pb exceeding by 0.3 times,Mn by 8.8 times,and Al by 0.5 times.In samples that were not filtered but only acidified,all components were detected (except for Cd in some samples),and the detection results were significantly higher than those from the samples that were filtered first and then acidified.Pb,As,Fe,Mn,and Al all exceeded the Class Ⅲ water quality standard limits,with Pb exceeding by 0.2-0.5 times,As by 0.1 times,Fe by 2.5-23.6 times,Mn by 0.6-2.2 times,and Al by 8.3-18.4 times.For the unfiltered but acidified groundwater samples,as the shaking time after acid addition increased,the detected concentrations of some metallic components continued to rise.In conclusion,during groundwater sample collection,strict filtration using a 0.45 μm membrane before acidification is essential to ensure the accuracy of test results. |
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