潮白河流域蜻蜓目昆虫多样性及其影响因素分析

作者	单位	E-mail
宁杨翠	北京市生态环境保护科学研究院, 国家城市环境污染工程技术研究中心, 北京 100037
陈龙	北京市生态环境保护科学研究院, 国家城市环境污染工程技术研究中心, 北京 100037
乔青	北京市生态环境保护科学研究院, 国家城市环境污染工程技术研究中心, 北京 100037
刘春兰	北京市生态环境保护科学研究院, 国家城市环境污染工程技术研究中心, 北京 100037
全璟纬	北京市生态环境保护科学研究院, 国家城市环境污染工程技术研究中心, 北京 100037
朱林红	北京市生态环境保护科学研究院, 国家城市环境污染工程技术研究中心, 北京 100037
杨宁	北京市生态环境保护科学研究院, 国家城市环境污染工程技术研究中心, 北京 100037
王辉	北京市生态环境保护科学研究院, 国家城市环境污染工程技术研究中心, 北京 100037	whui2469@126.com

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中文摘要:

潮白河流域是北京重要的水源地,了解其蜻蜓目昆虫(以下简称蜻蜓)多样性现状及影响因素对流域生态环境保护至关重要。基于2024年夏季和秋季在潮白河流域开展的31个点位2期蜻蜓调查结果,分析了蜻蜓物种组成、区系分布、物种时空分布等,并识别了潮白河蜻蜓多样性的影响因素。结果显示:①调查共记录到蜻蜓物种9科、33属、48种,占北京蜻蜓历史记录的75%。区域蜻蜓群落以差翅亚目为主,呈现出由少数优势种主导的特征,透顶单脉色蟌(Matrona basilaris)为夏、秋季的共同优势种。从区系分布来看,广布种占10.41%,包括黑纹伟蜓(Anax nigrofasciatus)、碧伟蜓(Anax julius)、黄蜻(Pantala flavescens)、红蜻(Crocothemis servilia)、白尾灰蜻(Orthetrum albistylum)。②潮白河蜻蜓数量和物种丰富度呈现显著的时空变化,蜻蜓数量和物种丰富度在夏季更高,而在秋季蜻蜓数量则下降了2/3,物种丰富度下降了1/3。郊野山峡段的蜻蜓数量和物种丰富度显著高于城市平原段(P＜0.001)。③潮白河流域蜻蜓的数量和物种丰富度与水生植被物种丰富度呈显著的正相关关系(P＜0.001),主要是与沉水植物物种丰富度相关(P＜0.005)。自然和人工岸线蜻蜓多样性方差分析结果显示,自然岸线蜻蜓数量显著多于人工岸线(P＜0.05),这可能是因为其复杂多样的微生境和植被结构为蜻蜓提供了更优越的产卵场所、栖息地和觅食机会。

英文摘要:

The Chaobai River is an important water source of Beijing.Understanding the current status of Odonata (hereinafter referred to as dragonfly) diversity and its influencing factors is crucial for the local ecological environmental protection.Based on the results of two-phase dragonfly surveys conducted at 31 sites in the Chaobai River Basin during the summer and autumn of 2024,the species composition,faunal distribution,and spatiotemporal distribution of dragonflies were analyzed,and the factors influencing the diversity of dragonflies in the Chaobai River were identified.The results show that: ① A total of 48 dragonfly species from 33 genera and 9 families were recorded during the surveys,accounting for 75% of Beijing's historical records.The regional dragonfly community was dominated by the suborder Anisoptera and characterized by a few dominant species,with Matrona basilaris,being the common dominant species in both summer and autumn.In terms of faunal distribution,10.41% were widespread species,including Anax nigrofasciatus,Anax julius,Pantala flavescens and Crocothemis servilia.② The abundance and species richness of dragonflies in the Chaobai River showed significant spatiotemporal variations.The dragonfly abundance and species richness were both higher in summer,while in autumn,the abundance declined by approximately two-thirds and species richness decreased by one-third.Both abundance and species richness were significantly higher in the wild gorge sections than in the urban plain sections (P<0.001).③ The abundance and species richness of dragonflies in the Chaobai River Basin were significantly positively correlated with aquatic vegetation richness (P<0.005),mainly with the species richness of submerged plants (P<0.001).Analysis of variance on dragonfly diversity between natural and artificial shorelines showed that dragonfly abundance was significantly higher along natural shorelines than along artificial shorelines (P<0.05),which may be due to the complex and diverse microhabitats and vegetation structures along natural shorelines,providing more favorable oviposition sites,habitats,and foraging opportunities for dragonflies.

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