干旱区生态环境质量评价与驱动力分析及其典型案例研究

为了客观准确地评价干旱区生态环境质量,在遥感生态指数RSEI基础上,根据干旱区特点,集成了SAVI、LST、WET、NDBSI和SI这5个因子,提出了ERSEI评价体系,并选取4期LandsatTM/OLI遥感影像对1994—2023年永昌县生态环境质量进行定量评价。利用主成分分析、变异系数、莫兰指数探讨了永昌县30年ERSEI的时空分布特征和趋势,结合地理探测器模型对其影响因子进行量化分析。结果表明:①引入的SI与ERSEI呈高度负相关,ERSEI的PC1平均贡献率比RSEI高1.47%,能综合反映研究区生态环境特征。②1994—2023年永昌县ERSEI指数年均值为0.469,较差等级的面积比明显扩增,生态环境质量出现较大程度的下降,恶化区域比例均值为36.25%,改善区域比例均值为26.94%,永昌县生态环境质量趋于恶化。③通过变异系数分析,永昌县生态环境质量大部分区域为低波动。Moran's I指数分析表明,永昌县生态质量空间聚集性显著,高质量生态区集中在高海拔林地区域,低质量生态区主要分布在盐碱地和人口密集区。④地理探测器分析表明,土地利用是ERSEI变化的主要驱动因子,其次为降水、高程和气温。土地利用与高程、降水及气温的交互作用具有较高的解释力。

英文摘要:

To objectively and accurately evaluate the ecological environment quality in arid regions,based on the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) and according to the characteristics of arid regions,the ERSEI evaluation system was proposed by integrating five factors: SAVI,LST,WET,NDBSI and SI.Four LandsatTM/OLI remote sensing images were selected to quantitatively evaluate the ecological environment quality of Yongchang County from 1994 to 2023.Based on principal component analysis,coefficient of variation and Moran's I index,the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and trends of ERSEI in Yongchang County in the past 30 years were discussed.The Geodetector model was further applied to quantify the driving factors.The results showed that:①The introduced SI was highly negatively correlated with ERSEI,and the average contribution rate of PC1 in ERSEI was 1.47% higher than that in RSEI,which could comprehensively reflect the ecological environment characteristics of the study area.②From 1994 to 2023,the annual average of ERSEI index in Yongchang County was 0.469,the proportion of areas classified as having "poor" ecological quality expanded significantly,indicating a notable overall decline,with the average proportion of deteriorating areas being 36.25% and the average proportion of improving areas being 26.94%,suggesting a trend toward ecological deterioration in Yongchang County.③Analysis of the variation coefficient indicated that,ecological environment quality in most areas of Yongchang County exhibited low fluctuation.Moran's I index analysis showed spatially significant clustering in Yongchang County,with high quality ecological areas concentrated in high-altitude forest areas,and low quality ecological areas mainly distributed in saline-alkali land and densely populated areas.④The analysis of geodetector showed that land use is the main driving factor of ERSEI change,followed by precipitation,elevation and temperature.The interaction between land use and elevation,precipitation and temperature demonstrated a high explanatory power.

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