水生外来入侵物种的早期监测方法研究进展

作者	单位
熊薇	中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 北京 100085 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
李萌	中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 北京 100085 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
陈义永	中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 北京 100085
吴宇超	中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院, 北京 100081
陆轶青*	生态环境部对外合作与交流中心, 北京 100035
战爱斌	中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 北京 100085 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

通讯作者:陆轶青* 生态环境部对外合作与交流中心, 北京 100035

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中文摘要:

水生外来入侵物种已成为全球生物多样性下降和水生态系统退化的重要驱动因素,对水生态安全和社会经济均构成严重威胁。对生物入侵阶段性特征的研究表明,在"引入"与"定殖"之间的关键窗口期实施早期监测,以指导管理干预,具有重要的实践意义。然而,该阶段物种的低丰度特征给传统监测方法带来巨大挑战,使之在监测灵敏度、准确性和空间覆盖度方面的局限性凸显。通过总结现有研究发现,近年来分子生物学技术在解决外来物种早期监测问题中取得长足发展并得到广泛应用,包括基于环境核酸的靶向和非靶向、实验室和现场检测技术,以及与遥感等宏观技术结合的新技术。进一步系统探讨了新型技术存在的问题、潜在的问题解决途径和未来的发展方向,以期为我国水生外来入侵物种早期预警与风险管理提供技术支撑及战略启示。

英文摘要:

Aquatic invasive alien species have become a major driver of global biodiversity loss and freshwater ecosystem degradation,posing serious threats to aquatic ecological security and socio-economic development.Studies on the staged characteristics of biological invasions indicate that implementing early monitoring during the critical "introduction-establishment" window and using the results to guide management interventions has substantial practical value.However,the low abundance of species at this stage presents significant challenges to traditional monitoring methods,highlighting their limitations in sensitivity,accuracy,and spatial coverage.By summarizing existing research,this paper finds that molecular biological techniques ihave made considerable advancements and gained widespread application in addressing early detection issues of invasive species in recent years,including both targeted and non-targeted approaches based on environmental nucleic acids,laboratory and field-based detection methods,as well as multi-source integration with macro-scale technologies such as remote sensing.Building on a systematic synthesis of these advances,this study further analyzes current challenges and bottlenecks of these emerging technologies,their potential solutions,and future directions,with the aim of providing technical support and strategic insights for early warning and risk management of aquatic alien invasive species in China.

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