红外无人机在斑海豹种群动态及行为监测中的应用研究

作者	单位
曲翊	辽宁省大连生态环境监测中心, 辽宁大连 116023
刘子成	辽宁省大连生态环境监测中心, 辽宁大连 116023
施巍*	辽宁省大连生态环境监测中心, 辽宁大连 116023
毕恒涛	大连斑海豹国家级自然保护区管理局, 辽宁大连 116011
李元宜	辽宁省大连生态环境监测中心, 辽宁大连 116023
张悦	国家海洋环境监测中心, 辽宁大连 116023
张显威	大连斑海豹国家级自然保护区管理局, 辽宁大连 116011

通讯作者:施巍* 辽宁省大连生态环境监测中心, 辽宁大连 116023

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中文摘要:

斑海豹(Phoca largha)作为国家一级重点保护野生动物,观测其夜间活动规律(如育幼、休憩、上岸、离岸)是理解其生态习性和评估种群状态的关键环节,但传统监测手段存在监测盲区,制约了保护管理的精准性。在大连斑海豹国家级自然保护区选定典型区域及时段,采用搭载高灵敏度红外热像仪的多旋翼无人机开展系统化夜间巡航监测,成功实现了对保护区夜间环境下斑海豹个体的清晰识别,获取了关键育幼期休憩时段的种群分布、数量及行为模式数据。与传统日间观测相比,夜间观测的个体发现率显著提升,证实红外无人机在斑海豹种群动态及行为监测中具有巨大应用潜力。智能机巢实验证实了构建24 h远程操控监测体系具有可行性。

英文摘要:

The spotted seal (Phoca largha) is a Class Ⅰ nationally protected wildlife species in China,its nocturnal activities,including pup-rearing,resting,hauling out,and entering the water,are essential for understanding its ecological requirements and evaluating population health.However,conventional approaches often suffer from substantial observational gaps in night,limiting the precision of conservation management.In this study,systematic nighttime aerial surveys were conducted within selected typical areas and periods at the Dalian Spotted Seal National Nature Reserve using a multi-rotor UAV equipped with a high spatiotemporal-resolution infrared thermal imaging systems.The approach successfully enabled clear identification of individual spotted seals under low-light conditions,and yielded data on population distribution,abundance,and behavioral patterns.Compared with traditional daytime observation,the detection rate of individual spotted seals at night was significantly improved,demonstrating the considerable potential of infrared UAVs technology in monitoring the population dynamics and behaviors of spotted seals.Additionally,experiments with an intelligent infrared drones nest verified the feasibility of constructing a 24-hour remote-controlled monitoring system.

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